따름것은 초유의 효험에 관하여 종이에 참고 이다*:

LeFranc-MillotC,Vercaigne-MarkoD,WalJ. -M, 그 외 여러분. (1996)둔감한colostralG면역 글로불린에IgE역가 및 우유에 알레르기성 환자의 혈청안에F(ab')2파편의 비교. 내부 아치 알레르기Immunol. 110:156-162.

SavilahtiE,TainioVM,SalmenperaL,ArjomaaP,KallioM,PerheentupaJ,SiimesMa. (1991)낮은colostralIgA은 젖소 알레르기에 회합했다. ActaPediatr검사. 80:1207-1213년.

Seloi, 온후한G,BernardH, 그 외 여러분. (1999)둔감한bb-랒도g로b을인에 알레르기: 트립신 펩티드에 인간IgE의 특이성. 임상과 실험적인 알레르기. 29:1055-1063년.

Delespesse,G. 폴리펩티드는 초유에서 인수 분해한다. 미국은#5,371,073(1994년)을 특허를 준다. 알레르기를 대우하기 위하여IgE(알레르기성 응답안에 관련시키는 면역 글로불린) 의무적인 요인 (IgE-bf) 및 초유에서 얻는IgE억제기는 활동 (IgE-SF) 성공적으로 이용되었다.

Collins, 있, 그 외 여러분. 둔감한 우유는, 저온 살균을 행한 우유를 포함하여, 남자에게 임상 중요성의 알러지 유발 물질향하여 지시되는 항체를 포함한다. 알레르기와 적용되는 면역학96의 국제 기록 보관소:362-367(1991년). 남자안에 일반적인 알레르기의 많은 것향하여 항체의 존재는, 독보리 꽃가루, 집 먼지 진드기, 아스페르질루스속 형 및 밀 글루텐을 포함하여 둔감한 초유안에, 검출되었다.

Elrod,KC, 그 외 여러분. 락토페린, 유력한tryptase억제물, 알레르기성 양안에 폐지된 늦게 단계 기도 응답. 호흡 긴요한 배려 약156의 미국 전표:375-381(1997년). Tryptase의 소화 효소는 기관지 수축과 기도 반응성 항진을 포함하여 천식의 각종 양상안에, 내포되었다. tryptase활동을 금하기 위하여 락토페린은 보여, 천식의 따라서 증후를 구호한.

Goldman,As, 그 외 여러분. 인간 우유의 항염증제 재산. ActaPaediatricaScandinavica75(5):689-695(1986년). 인간 우유 (및 둔감한 초유안에) 발견되는 중요한 항염증제 분대는 안디-prXX어앗엇, 락토페린, 라이소자임, 분비IgA, 및 시스테인, 아스코르브 산염, 알파 토코페롤 및 b얻아-자rXX언어을 포함하여 다수 산화 방지제를, 포함한다.

Murphey,DK,Buescher,ES. 인간 초유에는 염증의 쥐 피하 공기 주머니 모형안에 항염증제 활동이 있는다. 소아과 연구34(2):208-212(1993년). 쥐안에 피하 공기 주머니을 사용하여 실험 동물 모형안에, 초유는 뜻깊은 항염증제 활동을 보였다.

Buescher,ES,McWilliams-Koeppen,P. 인간 초유 및 우유안에 녹는 종양 괴사 요인 알파 (tNF알파) 수용체에 의하여tNF알파에 묶고tNF알파 대 생물 작용이 중화한다. 소아과 연구44(1):37-42(1998년). 선동적인 응답을 조절하는 초유의 능력은 유일하다. 이것을 하는 방법의 한개은 초유안에 발견되는TNF-a수용체 단백질을 통해서 이다. 이들은TNF-a을 활동하지 않는TNF-a에 묶는다. TNF-a은 전체 선동적인 폭포의 활성제 이다, 그래서 그것의 활동을 통제해서, 초유는 선동적인 응답의 계급을 통제하고 전부 그것을 떨어져 닫을 수 있는다.

"IgE이 둔감한 초유안에 발견한 것을 임상 학문,Drs에 따르면 알레르기성 응답을 통제하기를 위해 책임있을,"은 지도 모른다 보인다. 미생물학안에Tortora,Funke및 던지기.

아치ImmunolTherExp(Warsz). 1999;47(6):377-85.

AmaducciL. (1988)Alzheimer's질병의 대우안에Phosphatidylserine: 다중심의 결과는 공부한다. 정신 약리학 게시. 24(1):130-4.

LeszekJ의Inglot광고,JanuszM,LisowskiJ,KrukowskaK,GeorgiadesJA. (1999)Colostrinin: Alzheimer's질병의 대우를 위해 양 초유에서 고립시키는 프롤린 부유한 폴리펩티드 (PRP) 복합물. 두 배 - 눈 먼 위약 통제되는 학문. ArchivumImmunologiae등등TherapiaeExperimentalis. 47(6):377-85.

Leszek,J, 그 외 여러분. Colostrinin?양 초유에서 프롤린 부유한 폴리펩티드 복합물 -Alzheimer's질병안에 그것의 효험의 장기 학문. 의학 감시자8(10):P193-P196(2002년). 훨씬 장기간 학문안에,colostrinin은 학문안에 관련시킨 환자안에 개선 또는 안정화를 일으켰다.

Amaducci,L, 그 외 여러분. Alzheimer's질병안에 폿XX이dyl서r인어의 사용. 640뉴욕 과학 아카데미의 연보:245-249(1991년). 폿XX이dyl서r인어, 폿폴입이ds의 한에Supplementation은 생물 지질안에, 또한 일으킨다Alzheimer's안에 증후안에 개선을 발견했다.

토륨, 도둑 그 외 여러분. 나이 연합한 기억 손상안에 폿XX이dyl서r인어의 효력. 신경학41(5):644-649(1991년). 나이 연합한 기억 손상에 환자는12주 기간에 폿XX이dyl서r인어 습p럼언닫이온에 기억 성능 시험안에 뜻깊은 개선을 보였다.

도둑,T, 그 외 여러분. Alzheimer's질병안에 폿XX이dyl서r인어의 효력. 정신 약리학 게시28(1):61-66(1992년). 12주에 폿XX이dyl서r인어 습p럼언닫이온에Alzheimer's의 증후안에 개선을 보인 다른 학문. 더 적은이 손상, 더 중대한 개선, 것과 건의하는 일찌기 폿XX이dyl서r인어 습p럼언닫이온이 질병동안에 시작되면, 더 나을다 결과는.

십자가, 세륨, 그 외 여러분. 산소 급진파와 인간 질병. 내과학107(4)의 연보:526-545(1987년). 산소 유리기, 정상적인 물질 대사의 부산물은 발암현상에서 이 조건을 싸우기안에 산화 방지제의 중요성을 강조하는 노후화에 구역수색하는 질병 과정안에, 내포되었다.

Ames의 대대, 그 외 여러분. 노후화의 옥시던트, 산화 방지제, 및 타락 질병. 미국 국립 과학원의 절차90(17):7915-7922(1993년). 물질 대사의 옥시던트 부산물은DNA, 단백질 및 지질에 뜻깊은 손상을 초래한다. 이 손상은 노후화와 노후화, 암와, 심장 혈관 질병, 면역 계통 쇠퇴, 두뇌 역기능 및 백내장에 회합되는 타락 질병안에 유래한다. 이 질병향하여 산화를 억제하는 방위는 규정식안에 산화 방지제의 습p럼언닫이온을 필요로 하는 나이에 떨어진다.

Ballard등등. 알루미늄. "단백질 고장에 신진 대사 대리인의 효력."BiochemJ,1983;210:243-249:

Gil,A. &Sanchez-Medina,F. "수유의 다른 단계에 암소, 산양 및 양 우유의 산성 녹는 뉴클레오티드."낙농장 연구,1981;48의 전표:35-44.

Ullman, 그 외 여러분. "오래 되는 쥐안에 근육 재생 그리고IgF-1농도에 성장 호르몬의 효력."ActaPhysiolScand,1990;140:521-525.

시안,C.J., 그 외 여러분. "성인 쥐 위장 지역안에IGF-1의 강직은 명확한 항혈청 또는 규정식 단백질 건락소에의해 제한된다."내분비학,1995;146의 전표:215-225.

Holbrook,N.J. &Ikeyama,S. "산화 긴장에 세포질 응답안에Age-related쇠퇴: 일반적인 결점에 성장 인자 신호 통로에 연결."BiochemPharmacol,2002;64(5-6):999-1005.

Playford,R.J., 그 외 여러분. "건강식 보충교재의co행정, 둔감한 초유는, 장 침투성안에 심각한 비스테로이드 항염증제 약 유도한 증가를 감소한다."ClinSci(Lond),2001;100(6):627-633.

화학과 생화학 의HellbrunnerStr의 학회. 34,5020잘쯔부르크, 오스트리아. Univ.- 교수. Dr. 앨버트Duschl.

Elrod,KC, 그 외 여러분. 락토페린, 유력한tryptase억제물, 알레르기성 양안에 폐지된 늦게 단계 기도 응답. 호흡 긴요한 배려 약156의 미국 전표:375-381(1997년). Tryptase의 소화 효소는 기관지 수축과 기도 반응성 항진을 포함하여 천식의 각종 양상안에, 내포되었다. tryptase활동을 금하기 위하여 락토페린은 보여, 천식의 따라서 증후를 구호한.

"둔감한 초유안에 당단백은 위 궤양을 일으키는 원인이 되는Helicobacter유문 박테리아의 부착을 금한다. 초유는interleukin-10의 뜻깊은 총계를 포함한다, 강한 염증 금지 대리인은 관절염 합동안에 염증을 감소하기안에 뜻깊은 발견하고 상해 지역은, "Dr을 썼다. OlleHernell,Ulmea의 대학, 과학 잡지안에 스웨덴에서.

항균성 (Moldoveanu,Zina, 그 외 여러분, "우유의 항균 재산; N의IgA_과산화 효소 락토페린 상호 작용 "연보.Y. 과학 아카데미, (1983년)Vol.. 409,848-850.

김,K. 그 외 여러분, "감염증 (1984년)Vol.의 클로스트리듐속의 세균Difficle의 순화된 독소A과B향하여 인간 초유 그리고 우유의 시험관 내와 생체 조건 중화 활동" 전표. 150(1)57-61.

Wada,N., 그 외 여러분, "경작된Colostral세포"InfectioiusImmunology(1980년)Vol.의 상청액안에 클로스트리듐속의 세균Difficile독소향하여 중화 활동. 29,545-550).

McConnell,M.A.; 시내,H.J.L.; Borissenko,M.B.; Buchan,G. 면역 글로불린의 비교 학문은 4개의 우유 제품안에 항염증제 활동 느끼고. 낙농장 과학의 전표. 이번 간행물.

Borody,TJ, 그 외 여러분. 창자안에 갱도 시각. 소화 질병 (2001년)을 위해 센터. 성급하 창자 증후군의 검토, 궤양성 대장염 및Crohn's질병을 포함하여, 및Shigella과 캄필로박터같은 전염하는 대리인을 포함하여 그것의 병인학. 클로스트리듐속의 세균 포자향하여 효과적 있는다 고 항균성 치료가 유효하기 때문에 창자의 감염은 대우하기 곤란하다. 단 둔감한 초유는 장 병원체를,rotavirus 근절하기안에 임상 효험을 시험하고, 초유안에 생물학으로 능동 소자의 수에 만기가 되는 성급하 창자 증후군 만성 무질서안에 보는 감염을 통제한것을 돕l지도 모른다. 초유 도움안에 성장 인자는 장 부식 및 궤양을 치유한다. 그것은 또한 항염증제 요인을 포함하고 영양이 되는 부자 이다. 초유는 혼자 또는 다른 항염증제 그리고/또한 면역성이 있는 물질와 조화하여 이용할지도 모른다. 미래 연구는 초유안에bioactives의 면역성이 있는 전략, 비발한 전달계 및 식별을 확인하기에 초점을 맞춰야 한다.

Playford,RJ, 그 외 여러분. 둔감한 초유는NSAID에 의하여 유도되는 창자 손상을 방지하는 건강식 보충교재 이다. 창자44:653-658(1999년). 비스테로이드 항염증제 약 (NSAIDs)이 관절염안에 관절통을 통제해안에 아주 효과적 이어도, 그들의 사용은 또한 뜻깊은, 때때로 치명, 위장 손상을 초래한다. 초유에Supplementation은, 그런데, 뜻깊게NSAIDs이 초래한 상해를 감소하고 치유했다.

Playford,RJ, 그 외 여러분. 건강식 보충교재의co행정, 둔감한 초유는, 장 침투성안에 심각한 비스테로이드 항염증제 약 유도한 증가를 감소한다. 임상 과학 100:627-633(2001년). Dr에의한 다른 학문. NSAID사용에 만기가 되는 손상을 방지하는 초유의 능력에Playford. 초유없이NSAID사용이 침투성안에 증가를 일으키는 원인이 되어도 이지만 초유가 또한NSAID사용에 만기가 되는 위장 침투성안에 증가를 혼자의 방지하는 것을 이 학문은 보였다.

Goldman,As, 그 외 여러분. 인간 우유의 항염증제 재산. ActaPaediatricaScandinavica75(5):689-695(1986년). 인간 우유 (및 둔감한 초유안에) 발견되는 중요한 항염증제 분대는 안디-prXX어앗엇, 락토페린, 라이소자임, 분비IgA, 및 시스테인, 아스코르브 산염, 알파 토코페롤 및 b얻아-자rXX언어을 포함하여 다수 산화 방지제를, 포함한다.

Murphey,DK,Buescher,ES. 인간 초유에는 염증의 쥐 피하 공기 주머니 모형안에 항염증제 활동이 있는다. 소아과 연구34(2):208-212(1993년). 쥐안에 피하 공기 주머니을 사용하여 실험 동물 모형안에, 초유는 뜻깊은 항염증제 활동을 보였다.

Buescher,ES,McWilliams-Koeppen,P. 인간 초유 및 우유안에 녹는 종양 괴사 요인 알파 (tNF알파) 수용체에 의하여tNF알파에 묶고tNF알파 대 생물 작용이 중화한다. 소아과 연구44(1):37-42(1998년). 선동적인 응답을 조절하는 초유의 능력은 유일하다. 이것을 하는 방법의 한개은 초유안에 발견되는TNF-a수용체 단백질을 통해서 이다. 이들은TNF-a을 활동하지 않는TNF-a에 묶는다. TNF-a은 전체 선동적인 폭포의 활성제 이다, 그래서 그것의 활동을 통제해서, 초유는 선동적인 응답의 계급을 통제하고 전부 그것을 떨어져 닫을 수 있는다.

Britigan은, 그 외 여러분 있는다. 항염증제 분자로 락토페린의 역할. 실험적인 약 및 생물학357안에 전진:143-156(1994년). 잘 문서화되는 일반적인 면제를 제공하는안에 락토페린의 역할은 동안, 그것의 산화를 억제하는 효력으로 또한 항염증제 응답안에 역할을 한다.

Conneely,OM. 락토페린의 항염증제 활동. 영양20(Suppl의 미국 대학의 전표. 5):389S-395S(2001년). 락토페린은 피부 선동적인cytokine생산을 금하고 유력한 항염증제 단백질으로 호흡 위장 지역을 포함하여 염증의 현지 위치에, 행동하고.

Shigenaga,MK, 그 외 여러분. 노후화안에 산화 손상 그리고 미토콘드리아 감퇴. 미국 국립 과학원의 절차91(23):10771-10778(1994년). 산화 손상의 중요한 근원은 몸의 세포안에 미토콘드리아에의해 생성되는 옥시던트 이다. 미토콘드리아 기능은 줄인 막 유동성, 안 미토콘드리아 막저 쪽에 양성자 누설을 포함하여 나이에, 떨어지고,cardiolipin, 안 미토콘드리아 막안에 단백질의 작용하를 지원하는 중요한 지질의 수준을 줄인다.

Kurz,DJ, 그 외 여러분. 만성 산화 긴장은telomere완전성을 손상하고 인간 내피 성장 세포안에 노쇠의 개시를 가속한다. 세포 과학117의 전표:2417-2426(2004년). 산화 부산물의 형성에 만기가 되는 산화 긴장은 혼란시키는telomere완전성에의해 혈관 일렬로 세우는 세포안에 세포 노쇠의 개시에 연결되었다. Telomeres은 길이가 세포가 그것의 한계를 도달하기의 앞에 겪을 수 있는 세포 분열의 수를 결정하는 염색체의 "꼬리를 달n다" 이다. 글루타티온, 강력한 자연적인 산화 방지제는, 유지telomere완전성안에 결정적 이다.

Borissenko,M. 글루타티온: 강력한 산화 방지제는 초유안에 발견했다. NZMP2002년 8월. 글루타티온과 그것의 화학 전임자는 모두 초유안에 다량으로 출석한다. 글루타티온이 직접적으로 흡수하지 않기 때문에, 몸안에 글루타티온 생산은 초유안에 풍부한 그것의 선조, 시스틴, 글리신 및 글루타민산 산에 습p럼언닫이온에의해 단 달성될 수 있는다.

Buescher,ES,McIlheran, 보급 교범. 인간 초유의 산화를 억제하는 재산. 소아과 연구24(1):14-19(1988년). 초유는 다혈핵 백혈구 (PMNs)안에ferricytochromeC을 감소하고 또한PMN심각한 염증의 호흡 파열 중개안에 결정적 이는 초유가 강력한 산화 방지제 이는 것을 보이는PMNs의 다른 변화와 효소 활동을 혼란시킨다.

Buescher,ES,McIlheran, 보급 교범. Colostral산화 방지제: 인간 초유안에 2개의 활동의 별거 그리고 특성. 소아과Gastroenterology및 영양14(1)의 전표:47-56(1992년). 초유는 2개의 방법, 아스코르브 산염 및 요산안에PMN호흡 파열 제품의 생산에 방해한다.

Boldogh,I, 그 외 여러분. 양 초유에서 프롤린 부유한 펩티드에 의하여4HNE중재된 신호의 조음. 분자 신경과학20(2)의 전표:125-134(2003년). Colostrinin은 아래로 지질 과산화작용을 통제하고, 글루타티온 소모를 금하고 반동적인 산소 종 (ROS)의 세포내 수준을 감소한다. 초유가 산화를 억제하는 활동을 시범한다 고 이것은 1개의 방법 더 이다.

Wakabayashi,H, 그 외 여러분. 둔감한 락토페린 및 그것의acylated유래물의n맨끝 펩티드에 의하여iron/ascorbate유도된 지질 과산화작용의 금지. Bioscience의 생물공학, 생화학63(5):955-957(1999년). 락토페린은 지질 과산화작용을 방지해서 또한 초유안에 중요한 산화를 억제하는 역할을 한다.

Satue-Gracia의MT, 그 외 여러분. 유아 공식안에 락토페린: 산화에 효력. 농업과 음식 화학48(10)의 전표:4984-4990(2000년). 락토페린이 철 운송업자 단백질으로 행동해도 비록, 젖소에 기초를 두는 상업적으로 변경한 유아 공식에는 뜻깊게 전유보다는 더 적은 락토페린이 있고, 간장 공식은 아무도를 포함하지 않는다. 유아 공식에 락토페린을 추가함것은 증가한 철 흡수의 이중 이득안에 유래하고 산화를 억제하는 것으로 공식의 재고 유효 기간을 확장하기 위하여 및 항균성 행동한다.

Berk착륙장소,Nieman피해 통제,YoungbergWS, 그 외 여러분. (1989)마r앝온어rs안에nk세포에 달리는 긴 내구시간의 효력. 스포츠와 운동안에 약 그리고 과학. 22:207-212.

BuckleyJD, 그 외 여러분. 운영하는 성과에 구두 둔감한 초유 보충교재의 효력 본래대로.요약에서: 스포츠안에 과학 그리고 약,Adelaide, 사우스 오스트레일리아,1998년 10월의1998명의 오스트레일리아인 회의.

E을 묵살하십시요. (1996)후천성 면역 결핍증을 위해 운동 증강 인자 그리고 도움으로 초유. 영양 과학 뉴스.

클라크J. (1996)운동선수를 위해 크레아틴 인산염과 크레아틴 습p럼언닫이온의 사용. 과학, 임상 원근법.

MeroA, 그 외 여러분. (1997)훈련동안에 혈청IGF-1,IgG, 호르몬, 및 침IgA에 둔감한 초유 습p럼언닫이온의 효력. 적용되는 생리학의 전표. 83:1144-1151년.

SparlingPb,Nieman피해 통제,O'ConnorPJ. (1993)마라톤 경주의 선정된 과학적인 양상: 유동성 보충, 면역성이 있는 기능, 심리적인 요인 및 성 다름에 갱신. 스포츠 의학. 15:116-132.

HofmanZ,SmeetsR,VerlaanG,LugtR,VerstappenPA., 내부J스포츠NutrExercMetab. 2002년Dec;12(4):461-9. 관계있는 기사, 엘리트 필드 하키 선수안에 운동 성과에 둔감한 초유 습p럼언닫이온의 효력. Numico연구,Bosrandweg20,6704PHWageningen의 네덜란드.

CoombesJS,ConacherM,AustenSK, 마샬PA. MedSci은Exerc을. 2002년Jul;34(7):1184-8년. 관계있는 기사, 연결, 자전거 타는 사람안에 물리적 작업 용량에 구두 둔감한 초유의 복용량 효력. 인간 운동의 학교는, 퀸즐랜드, 가Lucia, 호주의 대학 공부한다.

Mero,A.; Miikkulainen,H,;Riski,J,;Pakknen,R,;Aalto,J,;Takala,T. 훈련동안에 혈청IGF-1,IgG, 호르몬, 및 침IgA에 둔감한 초유 습p럼언닫이온의 효력. 적용되는 의 생리학의 전표. 83(4):1144-1151형의,1997년 4월.

JBuckley*,MAbbott,S마틴,GBrinkworth&에서 추상PWhyte: 스포츠안에 과학 그리고 약,Adelaide, 사우스 오스트레일리아,1998년 10월의1998명의 오스트레일리아인 회의. 운영하는 성과에 구두 둔감한 초유 보충교재 (본래TM)의 효력. 교육과 스포츠 과학 의 사우스 오스트레일리아의 대학안에 연구를 위해 센터.

SpagnoliA,RosenfeldRG, 부. 소아과, 오러곤 건강 과학 대학, 포틀란드의, 또는, 성장 호르몬이 대략 성장을 생기게 하는 기계장치. 성장 호르몬의 그리고 성장 인자인슐린 같이 관계되는 기여금. EndocrinolMetabClin북 있 9 월1996일; (3):615-31.

LiuJL,LeRoithD의 임상 내분비학 분지,NIDDKD,NIH,Bethesda, 성장 인자i인슐린 MD은, 성장 호르몬에 응하여 출생 후 성장을 위해 근본적 이다. 내분비학 11월1999일; 140(11):5178-84.

집사AA,YakarS,GewolbIH,KarasM,OkuboY,LeRoithD의 당뇨병 분지,NIH,Bethesda, 성장 요인 나 수용체 신호 변환인슐린 MD,: 생리학과 세포 생물학사이 공용영역에.3,CompBiochemPhysiolBBiochemBiol그램 분자 페이지 9 월1998일; 121(1):19-26.

Hwav, 오하이오Y,RosenfeldRG, 부. 소아과, 오러곤 건강 과학 대학, 성장 인자 의무적인 단백질 (IGFBP)인슐린 포틀란드의, 또는superfamily. Endocr목사1999년Dec; 20(6):761-87.

Buckley,J., 그 외 여러분. "둔감한 초유에 구두 습p럼언닫이온은 수직 점프 성과를 증가한다."스포츠 과학의 유럽 대학, 로마14-171999년 7월의 제 4 연례 의회에 선물했다.

Mero,A., 그 외 여러분. "훈련동안에 혈청IGF-I,IgG, 호르몬, 및 침IgA에 둔감한 초유 습p럼언닫이온의 효력."JApplPhysiol,1997;83(4):144-1151.

우,A.H. &Perryman,M.B. "근육 효소와 단백질의 임상적 적용."CurrOpinRheumatol,1992;4(6):815-820.

Antonio,J, 그 외 여러분. 활동적인 남자 및 여자안에 몸 구성 그리고 운동 성과에 둔감한 초유 습p럼언닫이온의 효력. 영양17(3):243-247(2001년). 활동적으로 훈련해서 수컷과 여성 운동선수는 8 주의 기간을 위해 초유 습p럼언닫이온 또는 위약을 줬다. 초유 그러나 아니다 위약을 받는 주제는 야윈 몸 질량안에 증가를 보였다.

Brinkworth,GD, 그 외 여러분. 건강한 젊은이안에 저항 훈련되고 훈련되지 않는 사지의 구성에 둔감한 초유 습p럼언닫이온의 효력. 적용되는 생리학9(11)의 유럽 전표:53-60(2004년). 둔감한 초유 또는 유장 단백질은 훈련 또는 아니다 훈련안에 이던 젊은이에게 줬다. 훈련안에 그들은 변화를 보이지 않았는 그러나, 초유를 받은 훈련 그룹안에 그들은 유장을 받는 그들에 비교된 상완 모두 경계선과 단면적안에 뜻깊게 더 중대한 증가를 보였다.

Buckley,JD, 그 외 여러분. 혐기성 운동 성과에 둔감한 초유 및 성장 인자i인슐린 플라스마의 효력. 스포츠 과학21(7)의 전표:577-588(2003년). 훈련안에 운동선수는 8 주를 위해 둔감한 초유 또는 위약을 줬다. 초유를 받는 그들은 위약에 최고봉 혐기성 힘안에 뜻깊은 증가를 보였다.

Coombes,JS, 그 외 여러분. 자전거 타는 사람안에 물리적 작업 용량에 구두 둔감한 초유의 복용량 효력. 스포츠와 운동34(7)안에 약 그리고 과학:1184-1188년 (2002년). 훈련 자전거 타는 사람에 잘 해내는 노출량 학문은20g60g/day의 복용량에 시간 예심안에 작고 그러나 뜻깊은 개선을 보였다.

Hofman,Z, 그 외 여러분. 엘리트 필드 하키 선수안에 운동 성과에 둔감한 초유 습p럼언닫이온의 효력. 스포츠 영양과 운동 물질 대사12(4)의 국제 저널:461-469(2002년). 엘리트 필드 하키 선수안에 초유 습p럼언닫이온은, 남성과 여성 모두, 향상시키는안에 전속력으로 달린다 위약에 성과 유래했다.

Nieman, 피해 통제, 그 외 여러분. 보충과 면역 글로불린은 운동선수와 앉아 있는 통제안에 수평하게 한다. 스포츠 의학10(2)의 국제 저널:124-128(1989년). 보충C3과C4그러나 아니다 면역 글로불린의 혈액 상태는 마라톤 주자안에 나머지, 등급을 매긴 극대 운동 및 회복의 기간동안에 줄였다.

Nieman, 피해 통제, 그 외 여러분. 면역 계통 매개변수에 달리는 길 내구시간의 효력과 림프톨은 경험있는 마r앝온어rs안에 작용한다. 스포츠 의학10(5)의 국제 저널:317-323(1989년). 마라톤 주자는 긴 거리, 회복의21시간을 따르는 정상적인 수준에 돌려보내는 조건을 달리기다음에 정상적인 면역성이 있는 기능의 붕괴를 경험한다.

Berk, 착륙장소, 그 외 여러분. 마r앝온어rs안에nk세포에 달리는 긴 내구시간의 효력. 스포츠와 운동22(2)안에 약 그리고 과학:207-212(1990년). 전 운동 수준의 충분한 회복에 극대 운동의 3 시간을 따르는21시간까지 마라톤 주자안에nk세포 인구안에 뜻깊은 감소는 보았다. 이것은 운동동안에 코티솔 수준안에 증가와 상관했다.

Sparling,Pb, 그 외 여러분. 마라톤 경주의 선정된 과학적인 양상. 유동성 보충, 면역성이 있는 기능, 심리적인 요인 및 성 다름에 갱신. 스포츠 의학15(2):116-132(1993년). 긴 거리 달리기동안에 면역 계통에 부정적인 변화는 운동을 따르는 기간을 위해 이 운동선수안에 위 호흡 감염의 기회를 증가한다. 다른 측정이 위험을 줄일 수 있는다뿐 아니라 적당한 영양은 운동사이에, 충분한 나머지 및 적당한 재기한다.

,ER묵살하십시요. 후천성 면역 결핍증을 위해 운동 증강 인자 그리고 도움으로 초유. 영양 과학 뉴스는,1996년. 새기 쉬운 창자는 모두완심사가 되는 이는 동안, 그들의 면역 계통이 운동다음 손상할 때 안으로 모든 양분을 이용한것을 가지고 가는 필요로 하고 감염을 방지하는 운동선수를 위해 특별하게 이렇게 이다. 많은 운동선수는 단백질 보충교재의 불완전한 소화의 성급하 창자 증후군을 그 결과로 겪는다. 성장 요인 1 (IGF-1)인슐린 초유 파생하는의 역할, 표피 성장 인자 (EGF), 혈소판 파생된 성장 인자 (PDGF) 및 요인 베타 치료 새기 쉬운 창자안에 변형시키는 성장은 (tGF잠수함) 탐구된다.

Buckley,JD, 그 외 여러분. 내구시간 운영하는 훈련동안에 둔감한 초유 습p럼언닫이온은 회복, 그러나 아니다 성과를 개량한다. 스포츠5(2)안에 과학 그리고 약의 전표:65-79(2002년). 둔감한 초유에 습p럼언닫이온이 혈액 처음 성과안에IGF-1의 수준을 증가하지 않는 동안, 운동의 제 2 원안에 성과는 뜻깊게 향상시킨다.

도둑,C, 그 외 여러분. 둔감한 초유 습p럼언닫이온은 장거리 주자안에s-IGA의 수준을 증가한다: Rotorua2002년 마라톤을 위해 훈련안에 운동선수에 기초를 두는 학문. 미출판 연구. 훈련안에 마라톤 주자는 두 배 눈 먼 학문안에12주를 위해 둔감한 초유 또는 위약을 줬다. 초유 그룹안에 그들은 분비IgA(s-IgA)상당히 더 위약 그룹 또는 앉아 있는 통제보다는 그들의 침안에 보였다. 초유 그룹은 또한 이 기간동안에 위 호흡 감염 (URI)의 뜻깊게 더 낮은 비율을 보고했다.

Kasemkijwattana,C, 그 외 여러분. 긴장 상해다음에 치유하는 근육을 개량하는 성장 인자의 사용. 임상 정형외과370:272-285(2000년). 근육 상해는, 긴장, 운동선수안에 일반적 이다. 성장 인자의 사용은, 그런 상해를 대우하기안에IGF-1, 탐구된다.

Molloy,T, 그 외 여러분. 심줄과 인대 치유안에 성장 인자의 역할. 스포츠 의학33(5):381-394(2003년). 치료 심줄과 인대 상해안에 5개의 다른 성장 인자,IGF-1,tGF잠수함, 관 내피 성장 성장 인자 (VEGF), 혈소판 파생된 성장 인자 (PDGF) 및 기본적인 섬유아세포 성장 인자 (bFGF)의 역할은, 탐구된다. 각자는 과정안에 다른 그러나 생명 역할을 한다.

사또,K, 그 외 여러분. 근육 재생의 증진과 섬유증의 예방으로 치유하는 근육의 개선. 근육 & 신경28(3):355-372(2003년). IGF-1은 다친 근육안에 근육 재생을 개량할 수 있는다.

Liang,L, 그 외 여러분. [심줄 상해의 수선에cytokines의 효력]ZhongguoXiufuChongjianWaikeZazhi(중국)14(5):283-285(2000년). Cytokines은, 성장 인자같은, 심줄 수선을 가속할 수 있는다.

Mero,A, 그 외 여러분. 훈련동안에 둔감한 초유 습p럼언닫이온에IGF-I,IgA, 및IgG응답. 적용되는 생리학93(2)의 전표:732-739(2002년). 초유 습p럼언닫이온은 훈련 운동선수안에IGF-1그리고IgA의 수준을 증가한다, 그러나 초유안에IGF-1은 본래대로 흡수하지 않는다.

Kuipers,H, 그 외 여러분. 성장 요인 나인슐린 같이 혈청에 구두 둔감한 초유 습p럼언닫이온의 효력은 수평하게 한다. 영양18(7-8)년:165-172(2002년). 국제 올림픽 위원회를 위해 학문은 혈액 4 주 시간다음에IGF-1또는IGF-bp3수준안에 증가를 보이지 않았다.

Zimecki,M, 그 외 여러분. 용혈성 빈혈의 발달 및 뉴질랜드 검정 (NZB) 쥐의 생존에 프롤린 부유한 폴리펩티드 (PRP)의 효력. ArchivumImmunologiae등등TherapiaeExperimentalis39(5-6):461-467(1991년). Colostrinin(PRP)은 용혈성 빈혈, 자기 면역 질병에 다감했던 쥐안에 생존을 증가했다. colostrinin이라고 유도한다 질병의 발달을 감속하는 억제기 세포를 가설을 세운다. colostrinin에는 대우 자기 면역 질병안에 치료 가치가 있을지도 모른다 것과 이것은 건의한다.

집사,J. E. 유방 분비의 면역 글로불린. 제 5 지부. 안에: 수유: 포괄적인 논문. Vol.. 3. 편집. B. L. Larson과V. R. 스미스. pp. 217-252. 학업 부담. 뉴욕. 1974년.

크리스토퍼hennings,J., 그 외 여러분.,verotoxin생성 대장균 (Olll에의해 유도되는 무균 돼지안에lmmunocompromise:NM). 감염하십시요. Immun. 1993년. 61: p. 2304-2308.

Doyle,P. S. Anti-Cryptosporiduim항체는 시험관내에서 그리고 9 비보안에 전염성을 금한다. 감염과 면제61(10):4079-4084. 10월. 1993년.

Ho,P.C.및Lawton,J.W.M. 인간colostral세포: E의 식균작용 그리고 살해. Coli과C. Albicans. 소아과의 전표. Vol.. 93,아니오. 6,pp. 910-915.

김,K., 그 외 여러분., 시험관내에서와difficile클로스트리듐속의 세균의 순화된 독소A과B향하여 인간 초유 그리고 우유의 생체 조건 중화 활동. T. 감염하십시요. Dis. 1985년. 150: p. 57-61.

Majumdar,A. S., 그 외 여러분., 인간 초유안에 반대로 콜레라 항체의 방호 재산. 감염하십시요. Immun. 1982년. 36:p. 962965.

McClead,R., 그 외 여러분., 시험관 내와 생체 조건 단백질 분해에 둔감한 반대로 콜레라 독소IgG의 저항. Pedia. Res. 1982년.6: p. 227-231.

Morris,J. A., 그 외 여러분., 장의 병을 일으키는 대장균향하여 어린 양의 수동 보호: 혈청과 초유안에 항체의 역할. T. Med. Microbiol.1980년. 13: p. 265-271.

Spik,G., 그 외 여러분.,E의 우유 과민한 긴장의 세균 발육 저지. 졸이 면역 글로불린과 철 묶는 단백질은 초유에 회합했다. 면역학. 1981년. 35: p. 663-670.

Wada,N., 그 외 여러분., 경작된colostral세포의supernatants안에 클로스트리듐속의 세균difficile독소향하여 중화 활동. 감염하십시요. Immun.. 1980년.29: p. 545-550.

Watzl,B., 그 외 여러분., 쥐과retroviral감염동안에 합동된 둔감한 초유에 의하여Cryptosporidiumparvum에 저항의 증진. 있. T. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1993년. 48(4): p. 519-523.

FunatogawaK,IdeT,KirikaeF,SarutaK,NakanoM,KirikaeT. MicrobiolImmunol. 2002;46(11):761-6. 관계있는 기사, 연결, 면역 글로불린의 사용은enterohaemorrhagic대장균O157에 구두 도전향하여 둔감한 초유를 풍성했다:쥐안에H7. 남쪽 직접적인 육 제품 검사 사무실,Tochigi,Tochigi328-0033, 일본.

SeifertJ,MolkewehrumM,OesserS,NebermannL,SchulzeC. EurSurgRes. 2002일 01apr;34(12):68-72. 관계있는 기사, 연결, 다른 구성의enterally적용되는 초유에 의하여 내독소 비활성화. 수술의 외과 연구, 부 및 가슴 수술,Kiel, 독일.

BolkeE,JehlePM,HausmannF,DaublerA,WiedeckH,SteinbachG,StorckM,OrthK., 충격. 2002년Jan;17(1):9-12. 면역 글로불린 풍성된 초유 우유의 관계있는 기사, 연결,Preoperative구두 신청 및 복부 수술동안에 중개자 응답. 수술,Ulm의 대학, 독일의 부.

LiliusEM,MarnilaP. CurrOpin은Dis을 감염한다. 2001년Jun;14(3):295-300. 관계있는 기사, 연결, 미생물 감염의 예방안에colostral항체의 역할. 생화학의 부와 음식 화학,Turku,Turku, 핀란드의 대학.

BostwickEF,GraczykTK의Cranfield씨.,JParasitol. 2000년Jun;86(3):631-2. 관계있는 기사, 연결,Cryptosporidium출발점에 감염되는 대초원 감시자 (Varanusexanthematicus)의 성공적인hyperimmune둔감한 초유 대우. 분자 미생물학 및 면역학의 부, 위생의 학교 및 공중 위생, 죤스홉킨스 대학, 볼티모어, 메릴란드21205, 미국.

HuppertzHI,RutkowskiS,BuschDH,EisebitR,LissnerR,KarchH.,JPediatrGastroenterolNutr. 1999년Oct;29(4):452-6. 관계있는 기사, 연결은, 둔감한 초유diarrheagenic대장균, s히g아toxin-producingE에 감염안에 설사를 개량한다. Coli및E. intimin과 험올y신을 내색하는 졸이. 아동 병원,Wurzburg, 독일의 대학.

Bitzan,M.M.; 금,B.D.; Philpott,D.J.; Huesca,M.; Sherman,P.M.; Karch,H.; Lissner,R.; Lingwood,C.A.; Karmali,M.A.; 둔감한 초유에 의하여 지질 수용체에 묶는Helicobacter유문과Helicobactormustelae의 금지. 감염증의 전표. 177:955-961,1998년 4월.

Casswall토륨,Sarker소화기, 앨버트MJ,FuchsGJ,BergstromM,BjorckL,HammarstromL., 영양물PharmacolTher. 1998년Jun;12(6):563-8. 관계있는 기사, 연결,hyperimmune느로광이 초유에서 구두 면역 글로불린에 시골 방글라데시안에 유아안에Helicobacter유문 감염의 대우. 임상 과학의 부,Huddinge병원,Karolinska학회, 스웨덴.

Bitzan밀리미터 의 금BD,PhilpottDJ,HuescaM,ShermanPM,KarchH,LissnerR,Lingwood캘리포니아,KarmaliMa. J은Dis을 감염한다. 1998년Apr;177(4):955-61. 관계있는 기사, 연결, 둔감한 초유에 의하여 지질 수용체에 묶는Helicobacter유문과Helicobactermustelae의 금지. Department of Clinical Pathology, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Tacket CO, Binion SB, Bostwick E, Losonsky G, Roy MJ, Edelman R. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1992 Sep;47(3):276-83. Related Articles, Links, Efficacy of bovine milk immunoglobulin concentrate in preventing illness after Shigella flexneri challenge. Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore.

Flanigan T, Marshall R, Redman D, Kaetzel C, Ungar B. J Protozool. 1991 Nov-Dec;38(6):225S-227S. Related Articles, Links, In vitro screening of therapeutic agents against Cryptosporidium: hyperimmune cow colostrum is highly inhibitory. Department of Medicine, University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.

Ushijima H, Dairaku M, Mukoyama A. Kansenshogaku Zasshi. 1991 Jan;65(1):54-60. Related Articles, Links,[Bacteriostatic activity of bovine colostrum][Article in Japanese],Department of Enteroviruses, National Institute of Health.

Stephan W, Dichtelmuller H, Lissner R. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem. 1990 Jan;28(1):19-23. Related Articles, Links, Antibodies from colostrum in oral immunotherapy. Biotest Pharma GmbH, Forschungsabteilung, Frankfurt.

Fayer R, Perryman LE, Riggs MW.J Parasitol. 1989 Feb;75(1):151-3. Related Articles, Links, Hyperimmune bovine colostrum neutralizes Cryptosporidium sporozoites and protects mice against oocyst challenge. Zoonotic Diseases Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705.

McClead RE Jr, Butler T, Rabbani GH. Am J Med. 1988 Dec;85(6):811-6. Related Articles, Links, Orally administered bovine colostral anti-cholera toxin antibodies: results of two clinical trials. Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University 43205.

Tacket CO, Losonsky G, Link H, Hoang Y, Guesry P, Hilpert H, Levine MM. N Engl J Med. 1988 May 12;318(19):1240-3. Related Articles, Links, Protection by milk immunoglobulin concentrate against oral challenge with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore.

Opdebeeck JP, Norcross NL. Am J Vet Res. 1985 Jul;46(7):1561-4. Related Articles, Links, Antibodies in bovine serum and lacteal secretions to capsular antigens of Staphylococcus aureus.

McClead RE, Gregory SA. Infect Immun. 1984 May;44(2):474-8. Related Articles, Links, Resistance of bovine colostral anti-cholera toxin antibody to in vitro and in vivo proteolysis.

McClead RE, Butler T, Rabbani GH. (1988) Orally Administered Bovine Colostral Anti-Cholera Toxin Antibodies: Results of Two Clinical Trials. The American Journal of Medicine. 85:811-816

Michalek SM, McGhee JR. (1977) Effective immunity to dental caries: passive transfer to rats to antibodies to streptococcus mutans elicits protection. Infection and Immunity. 17:644-650.

Ellison, RT III, Giehl, TJ. Killing of gram-negative bacteria by lactoferrin and lysozyme. Journal of Clinical Investigation 88(4):1080-1091 (1991). Lactoferrin and lysozyme act together to kill gram-negative bacteria, such as Vibrio cholerae (cholera), Salmonella typhimurium (food poisoning) and Eschericia coli. The lactoferrin attaches to and destroys the cell wall of the bacteria, allowing the lysozyme to enter and lyse (burst) the organisms.

Korhonen, H, et al. Milk immunoglobulins and complement factors. British Journal of Nutrition 84(Suppl.1):S75-S80 (2000). Bovine colostrum contains three main classes of immunoglobulin IgG (IgG1 75% and IgG2), IgM and IgA, plus hemolytic and bactericidal complement. Complement is a complex group of proteins which act in concert with antibodies to inactivate and/or kill pathogens.

Gopal, PK, and Gill, HS. Oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates in bovine milk and colostrum. British Journal of Nutrition 84(Suppl.1):S69-S74 (2000). Another way colostrum helps protect against infections is through the oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates it contains. These are complex sugars which compete for binding sites in the GI tract with pathogens.

Korhonen, H. Bactericidal effect of bovine normal and immune serum, colostrum and milk against Helicobacter pylori. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 78:655-662 (1995). The antibody-complement system found in bovine colostrum was also found to be bactericidal against H. pylori.

Korhonen, H, et al. Bactericidal effect of bovine normal and immune serum, colostrum and milk against Helicobacter pylori. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 78(6):655-662 (1995). Helicobacter pylori is a major cause of gastritis and ulcers in humans. Serum and colostrum from non-immunized Friesian cows were found to be highly bactericidal against H. pylori. Post-colostral milk did not show any bactericidal effect against H. pylori.

Bitzan, MM, et al. Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori and Helicobacter mustelae binding to lipid receptors by bovine colostrum. Journal of Infectious Disease 177(4):955-961 (1998). H. pylori and H. mustelae (a gastric pathogen of ferrets) are both bound by lipid receptors (phosphatidylethanolamine, gangliotetraosylceramide and gangliotriaosyl-ceramide) in the gut, allowing them to carry out their pathogenic activities. Bovine colostrum, however, was shown to prevent binding of the pathogens to these lipid receptors even though there was no detectable anti-H. pylori antibody activity in the colostrum.

Wada, T, et al. The therapeutic effect of bovine lactoferrin in the host infected with Helicobacter pylori. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 34(3):238-243 (1999). Mice infected with H. pylori were given a daily dose of bovine lactoferrin for 2-4 weeks. Their intestines were then examined for bacterial content. Numbers of H. pylori were reduced to 10% of pre-lactoferrin levels and greatly decreased the numbers of H. pylori bound to the intestinal wall. Serum antibody titer to H. pylori were reduced to practically zero, indicating that the immune response of the host was no longer recognizing H. pylori infection. Therefore it was deduced that lactoferrin has a direct antibacterial effect on H. pylori infection and prevents binding of the pathogen to the intestinal lining.

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Ogra, PL, et al. Colostrum-derived immunity and maternal-neonatal interaction. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 409:82-95 (1983). Passive immunity to specific pathogens is passed from mother to infant via colostrum.

Br?ssow, H., et al. Bovine milk immunoglobulins for passive immunity to infantile rotavirus gastroenteritis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 25(6):982-986 (1987). Protection against rotavirus, a dangerous pathogen which can cause serious, even fatal diarrhea in infants, can be passed orally through milk or colostrum safely and effectively.

Ebina, T, et al. Passive immunizations of suckling mice and infants with bovine colostrum containing antibodies to human rotavirus. Journal of Medical Virology 38:117-123 (1992). Another study that confirmed that oral immunization via colostrum or milk against rotavirus was possible, safe and effective.

Stephan, W, et al. Antibodies from colostrum in oral immunotherapy. Journal of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry 28:19-23 (1990). An immunoglobulin preparation from pooled bovine colostrum was found to be very effective in treating severe diarrhea, such as often found in AIDS patients.

van Hooijdonk, AC, Kussendrager, KD, Steijns, JM. In vivo antimicrobial and antiviral activity of components in bovine milk and colostrum involved in non-specific defense. British Journal of Nutrition 84(Suppl.1):S127-S134 (2000). Lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase, both present in colostrum in large amounts, provide non-specific defense against a broad spectrum of pathogens, including bacteria and viruses. This is significant both for the protection of commercially important animals as well as humans.

Korhonen, H, et al. Bovine milk antibodies for health. British Journal of Nutrition 84(Suppl.1):S135-S146 (2000). Bovine colostrum provides safe, effective protection against many pathogens. This natural immune protection can be extended by hyperimmunizing cows against specific pathogens.

Solomons, NW. Modulation of the immune system and the response against pathogens with bovine colostrum concentrates. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 56(Suppl.3):524-528 (2002). The ability of colostrum to protect infants against pathogens, specifically those which cause gastroenteritis and severe diarrhea, makes it an ideal, cheap, safe and effective means of protecting children in those parts of the world where medical assistance is lacking or substandard and could save thousands of lives each year.

Ho, PC, Lawton, JWM. Human colostral cells: Phagocytosis and killing of E. Coli and C. Albicans. Journal of Pediatrics 93(6):910 ?915 (1978). Cells found in colostrum are able to ingest and kill both E. coli and Candida.

Majumdar, AS, et al. Protective properties of anti-cholera antibodies in human colostrum. Infection and Immunity 36:962-965 (1982). Colostrum was able to prevent infection with cholera. Colostrum samples from India, where cholera is common, had much higher levels of anti-cholera IgA than those from Sweden, where cholera is rare.

Funatogawa, K, et al. Use of immunoglobulin enriched bovine colostrum against oral challenge with enterohaemorrhagic Eschericia coli O157:H7 in mice. Microbiology and Immunology 46(11):761-766 (2002). Colostrum can prevent infection against food-borne pathogens by preventing them from binding to the intestinal lining.

Widiasih, DA, et al. Passive transfer of antibodies to Shiga toxin-producing Eschericia coli O26, O111 and O157 antigens in neonatal calves by feeding colostrum. Journal of Veterinary Medicine 66(2):213-215 (2004). Feeding colostrum to calves provided protection against Shiga toxin-producing E. Coli, a particularly deadly strain of E. coli.

Acosta-Altamirano, G, et al. Anti-amoebic properties of human colostrum. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 216B:1347-1352 (1987). In addition to its effectiveness against bacterial, viral and fungal infections, colostrum also provides protection against amoebic pathogens.

Akisu, C, et al. Effect of human milk and colostrum on Entamoeba histolyica. World Journal of Gastroenterology 10(5):741-742 (2004). Colostrum was found to provide protection against Entamoeba histolyica, the cause of amoebiasis, a serious, chronic illness characterized by dysentery, gastrointestinal ulceration and abscess formation and intestinal blockage in infants particularly.

Julius, MH, et al. A colostral protein that induces the growth and differentiation of resting B lymphocytes. Journal of Immunology 140:1366-1371 (1988). Colostrinin has also been shown to induce the growth and differentiation of resting B lymphocytes. T and B lymphocytes are the two main types of lymphocytes involved in the immune response.

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Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Repair Group, Imperial College, London (2003). Unpublished research. In an in vitro experimental study, colostrum stimulated intestinal cell growth and reestablished a healthy epithelial layer following injury. In an in vivo experimental study, colostrum powder was also shown to reduce gastric injury.

Bitzan, MM, et al. Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori and Helicobacter mustelae binding to lipid receptors by bovine colostrum. Journal of Infectious Diseases 177:955-961 (1998). Bovine colostrum blocked binding of H. pylori (a major cause of chronic gastritis and ulcers in humans) and H. mustelae (a similar pathogen found in ferrets). This is apparently a function of the phosphatidylethanolamine found in colostrum and BIO-lipid.

Carver, JD, Barness, LA. Trophic factors for the gastrointestinal tract. Clinical Perinatology 23(2):265-285 (1996). Factors in colostrum which promote the development of the GI tract in newborn infants also help protect against such diseases as Crohn?s disease, colitis, necrotizing enterocolitis and diarrhea.

B?hler, C., et al. Small intestinal morphology in eight-day-old calves fed colostrum for different durations or only milk replacer and treated with long-R3-insulin-like growth factor I and growth hormone. Journal of Animal Science 76:758-765 (1998). The intestines of calves fed colostrum compared to those not fed colostrum revealed that those fed colostrum had significantly increased villus size and crypt depths. This translates into greater surface area and thus increased absorption of nutrients.

Bl?ttler, U, et al. Feeding colostrum, its composition and feeding duration variably modify proliferation and morphology of the intestine and digestive enzyme activities of neonatal calves. Journal of Nutrition 131(4):1256-1263 (2001). A similar study done on calves either receiving or not receiving colostrum. This study concentrated on the development and health of the gastrointestinal epithelium and found that the development and health of this epithelium was markedly superior in those receiving colostrum. Colostrum also influenced the production of lipase enzyme by the pancreas.

Pluske, JR, Morel, PCH. Increasing weaner pig productivity in New Zealand pig herds. Unpublished research (1999). Piglets fed a liquid supplement with colostrum powder had a marked increase in villi height in the lumen of the small intestine, indicating greater digestion and absorption of nutrients. There were also an increased number of immune cells in the villi, indicating enhanced immune competency.

Rooney, PJ, et al. A short review of the relationship between intestinal permeability and inflammatory joint disease. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology 8:75-83 (1990). The connection between increased permeability of the intestines and inflammatory arthritis is examined. The gut is the likely source of the antigens which cause inflammatory arthritis.

Katz, KD, Hollander, D. Intestinal mucosal permeability and rheumatological diseases. Baillere?s Clinical Rheumatology 3(2):271-284 (1989). The inability of the intestinal lining to control the influx of antigens into the blood due to leaky gut or a dysfunctional immune system may represent the prime means by which the antigens which cause numerous diseases, including autoimmune diseases. Leaky gut has been linked to patients with ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn?s disease, and celiac sprue (a genetic autoimmune disease characterized by damage to the small intestine due to eating wheat gluten).

Moller, W, et al. Use of bovine colostral milk as a preparation for the protection of the liver. US Patent #5,710,132 (1998). Whole bovine colostrum or an immunoglobulin preparation from colostrum are used to protect the liver from bacterial, viral or protozoan diseases, such as E. coli, rotavirus or cryptosporidia infection, as well as detoxify the liver by removing toxic protein metabolites such as ammonia. It can also be used to treat the effects of various liver diseases, such as liver inflammation, viral hepatitis, fibrosis of the liver, cirrhosis of the liver, fatty liver, and so forth. These effects include disturbances of the liver?s detoxification, excretory, conjugational and synthesizing functions, portal hypertension due to liver disease, and even coma due to liver failure. Supplementation can also be used to relieve stress on the liver due to liver insufficiency as a result of liver parenchyma damage or viral hepatitis, allowing the liver to heal and recover function.

Gluckman, PD, Mellor, DJ. Use of growth factor IGF-I and/or IGF-II. US Patent #5,710,127 (1998). Use of IGF-I or IGF-II to prevent or treat pancreatic disorders and insufficiency. It can promote growth of the pancreas in diseases such as cystic fibrosis or partial/total pancreatectomy where pancreatic tissue is lost.

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van der Strate, BW, et al. Antiviral activities of lactoferrin. Antiviral Research 52(3):225-239 (2001). Lactoferrin is effective against both DNA and RNA viruses, including rotavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, herpes virus and HIV, both by blocking cellular receptors and by directly binding to the viruses.

Andersson, Y, et al. Lactoferrin is responsible for the fungistatic effect of human milk. Early Human Development 59:95-105 (2000). Lactoferrin, through its iron-binding ability, is very effective against fungal infections with Candida and other fungi.

Samaranayake, YH, et al. Antifungal effects of lysozyme and lactoferrin against genetically similar, sequential Candida albicans isolates from a human immunodeficiency virus-infected Southern Chinese cohort. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 39(9):3296-3302 (2001). Lactoferrin plus lysozyme is very effective in killing nearly all oral strains of Candida, which is of particular importance to AIDS sufferers who are often unable to fight off Candida overgrowths, such as thrush.

Gahr, M, et al. Influence of lactoferrin on the function of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes. Journal of Leukocyte Biology 49(5):427-433 (1991). White blood cells (polymorphonuclear leucocytes) exposed to lactoferrin from bovine colostrum exhibit increased motility and produce more superoxide (a powerful antioxidant).

Tsuda, H, et al. Prevention of colon carcinogenesis and carcinoma metastasis by orally administered bovine lactoferrin in animals. BioFactors 12:83-88 (2000). In an experimental animal study, supplementation with bovine lactoferrin showed significant protection from development of cancerous tumors in the colon as well as protection against lung metastasis. Administration of the lactoferrin was accompanied by marked increases in cytotoxic white blood cells in the blood.

Masuda, C, et al. Chemopreventive effects of bovine lactoferrin on N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine-induced rat bladder carcinogenesis. Japanese Journal of Cancer Research 91:582-588 (2000). Bovine lactoferrin also prevented the development of bladder cancer in another experimental animal system.

Tanaka, T, et al. Chemopreventive effect of bovine lactoferrin on 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide-induced tongue carcinogenesis in male F344 rats. Japanese Journal of Cancer Research 91(1):25-33 (2000). The same effect of lactoferrin was found in an experimental tongue cancer system.

Ushida, Y, et al. Possible chemopreventive effects of bovine lactoferrin on esophagus and lung carcinogenesis in the rat. Japanese Journal of Cancer Research 90:262-267 (1999). Lactoferrin was also found to protect the esophagus and the lung from experimental cancer induction.

Iigo, M, et al. Inhibitory effects of bovine lactoferrin on colon carcinoma 26 lung metastasis in mice. Clinical and Experimental Metastasis 17(1):35-40 (1999). Lactoferrin increased levels of cytotoxic white blood cells and inhibited metastasis to the lung in experimentally induced colon cancer in mice.

Kuhara, T, et al. Orally administered lactoferrin exerts an antimetastatic effect and enhances production of IL-18 in the intestinal epithelium. Nutrition and Cancer 38(2):192-199 (2000). A similar study on the protective effects of lactoferrin supplementation on protecting from lung metastasis in experimentally induced colon cancer. In addition to the increase in cytotoxic cells seen in other studies, there was also an increase in IL-18 production in the intestinal epithelium, suggesting it plays a role in mediating the inhibition of the cancers.

Tsuda, H, et al. Milk and dairy products in cancer prevention: focus on bovine lactoferrin. Mutation Research 462(2-3):227-233 (2000). In addition to the protection provided by lactoferrin against the development of cancers, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) also plays an inhibitory role on cancer development.

Tsuda, H, et al. Cancer prevention by bovine lactoferrin and underlying mechanisms--a review of experimental and clinical studies. Biochemistry and Cell Biology 80(1):131-136 (2002). Lactoferrin supplementation in experimental animal models of colon cancer show that it also suppresses phase I enzymes, such as cytochrome P450 1A2, by cancer cells, while enhancing the activity of phase II enzymes, such as glutathione S-transferase, both of which act to inhibit the development of these cancers. Lactoferrin also boosts local and systemic immunity, particularly the activity of cytotoxic lymphocytes and natural killer cells in the intestinal mucosa and peripheral blood, which in turn stimulates the production of IL-18 and caspase-1 in intestinal epithelial cells and possibly the appearance of interferon-gamma (INF-?) positive cells. Bovine lactoferrin was also found to have anti-hepatitis C activity. Chronic hepatitis due to infection with hepatitis C virus is a major causative factor in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Fujita, K, et al. Down-regulation of 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx)-induced CYP1A2 expression is associated with bovine lactoferrin inhibition of MeIQx-induced liver and colon carcinogenesis in rats. Japanese Journal of Cancer Research 93(6):616-625 (2002). The mechanism of action of bovine lactoferrin on down regulating the expression of carcinogenic agents is explored.

Iigo, M, et al. Orally administered bovine lactoferrin induces caspase-1 and interleukin-18 in the mouse intestinal mucosa: a possible explanation for inhibition of carcinogenesis and metastasis. Cytokine 25(1):36-44 (2004). Oral lactoferrin administration increased the production of IL-18 by intestinal epithelial cells followed by increases in caspase-1 and INF-?, which potentiate the activity of cytotoxic lymphocytes and natural killer cells in attacking cancer cells.

Andersson, Y, et al. Lactoferrin is responsible for the fungistatic effect of human milk. Early Human Development 59(2):95-102 (2001). Lactoferrin inhibits the growth of Candida albicans through its ability to sequester iron.

Kimber, I, et al. Lactoferrin: influences on Langerhans cells, epidermal cytokines, and cutaneous inflammation. Biochemistry and Cell Biology 80(1):103-107 (2002). Apart from its modulation anti-inflammatory cytokines, lactoferrin also expresses an anti-inflammatory effect through controlling the migration of epidermal Langerhans cells. Lactoferrin inhibited the migration of these cells when the skin was exposed to an irritant, thus decreasing the inflammatory response.

Ward, PP, et al. Lactoferrin and host defense. Biochemistry and Cell Biology 80(1):95-102 (2002). Lactoferrin is a prominent component of the first line of defense against infection and inflammation. It accomplishes its activity through a variety of methods, most notably iron sequestration and its effect on down-regulating TNF-a, which controls the inflammatory cascade.

Griffiths, CE, et al. Exogenous topical lactoferrin inhibits allergen-induced Langerhans cell migration and cutaneous inflammation in humans. British Journal of Dermatology 144(4):715-725 (2001). Lactoferrin influences inflammation inhibiting Langerhans cell migration, normally controlled by TNF-a and IL-1ß, which are inhibited by lactoferrin.

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